Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Nicoletta Orphanou
4 days ago
2 min read

🫀 What is Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)?

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a condition where the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick (hypertrophied). This can make it harder for the heart to pump blood.

💡 Key Facts

It often runs in families (inherited).
Some people have no symptoms and live normal lives.
Others may have chest pain, shortness of breath, or fainting—especially during exercise.
It can sometimes cause irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias).
Rarely, it can lead to sudden cardiac death, especially in young athletes.

🔍 Causes

HCM is usually caused by changes (mutations) in the genes that control heart muscle growth. It's not caused by lifestyle, but lifestyle can affect symptoms.

⚠️ Symptoms May Include:

Shortness of breath (especially during activity)
Chest pain
Palpitations (feeling like your heart is racing or skipping beats)
Dizziness or fainting
Fatigue
No symptoms at all in some cases

🧪 How is it Diagnosed?

Doctors use several tests:

Echocardiogram (ultrasound of the heart) – the main test
ECG (electrocardiogram)
MRI of the heart
Exercise tests
Genetic testing (in some families)

💊 Treatment Options

Treatment depends on your symptoms and risks. It may include:

Medications – to relax the heart, control heart rate, or prevent arrhythmias.
Lifestyle changes – like avoiding intense exercise if you're at risk.
Surgical procedures (if needed) – such as:
- Septal myectomy (removing part of the thick muscle)
- Alcohol septal ablation (a less invasive option)
Implantable devices – like a defibrillator (ICD) to prevent sudden death.

🧬 Family Screening

Since HCM is often inherited, first-degree relatives (parents, siblings, children) should get checked even if they have no symptoms.

🧘 Living with HCM

Many people with HCM live long and full lives.
Follow-ups with a cardiologist are important.
Avoid dehydration and certain medications (ask your doctor).
Discuss which physical activities are safe.